The reef forms three popular surfing waves that are within close proximity to large residential areas, schools, and the community college. This reef is of significant value to the Maui community because of its environmental and recreational value. A portion of the coral reef inside the harbor will be removed by the dredging of an expanded turning basin. The modernization plan will also have a significant impact on the marine habitat and recreational activates in the Kahului Harbor area. The updated 2030 Master Plan proposed similar breakwater extension configurations that are likely to also create surge problems inside the harbor. The study especially argued against the landward extension of the west breakwater due to the likelihood that the structure would increase wave oscillations inside the harbor. The study indicated that none of the configurations of the breakwater extensions were ideal for reducing the wave energy in the harbor. Army Corps of Engineers study modeled the effects that the proposed developments would have on the wave energy in the Kahului Harbor. Previously, the Kahului Harbor 2025 Master Plan proposed similar breakwater extensions and developments. The planned $345.1 million in harbor developments include the West Breakwater Harbor Development, which requires the dredging of an expanded turning basin and the construction and extensions to the west and east breakwaters to allow vessels to berth without risk of surge. The Kahului Commercial Harbor 2030 Master Plan recommends modernizing Maui’s only commercial harbor to accommodate projected growth in cargo and passenger traffic. The significant findings from this dissertation research are summarized in Chapter 7. In Chapter 6, the relationship between substrate characteristics and coral colonization was investigated through coral recruitment experiments and study of field conditions in order to develop the biological information needed in the ecological engineering of the artificial coral reef. ![]() ![]() In Chapter 5, the costs and benefits of various coastal engineering technologies for the design and construction of the submerged breakwater structure were considered. Further numerical modeling to explore the effect of various reef shapes are discussed in Chapter 4. The numerical model results were validated with a physical scale wave response model as discussed in Chapter 3. In Chapter 2, a numerical wave response model was developed to determine how a multifunctional reef of various dimensions and orientations would influence the wave energy inside the Kahului Harbor. Chapter 1 provides background on the concept of multifunctional reefs and how they can be used to protect the Kahului Harbor on the island of Maui, Hawai‘i. This dissertation provides insight into the previously unexplored option of using submerged breakwater structures to provide harbor protection while simultaneously providing ecological and recreational value as coral reefs.
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